I’ve got a reply from the team and the logs don’t report anything suspicious.
You should try changing the capture settings for your microphone to 16bit, 48khz / try different frequencies that are available.
If that does also not work, you can try renaming the settings.db which is located here %appdata%/teamspeak/default and let it regenerate. By doing that you are getting back to the default settings.
It can be possible that the audio settings are displayed differently from what they are actually set to. Therefore using clean settings may resolve this issue.