I get what you report but the thing is there is no AGC Feature any longer for input (Microphone, stereo Mix etc.). This is why there is no setting under the capture tab.
What could be is that your device is sending really low at the end and the playback part things that it needs to raise the volume.
Also raising the volume could cause the noise you hear.
You may lower the volume of the microphone below 100. From my experience something around 50 is enough. Everything above caused distortions.
Short summary.
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Capture has no AGC in TeamSpeak.
The only way to have a AGC similar feature on input is the signal that was send from the device/driver to the client. TeamSpeak does not touch this or has any control over it. -
Only Playback (what you hear when other talk to you) has the AGC feature.
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When you do a local test then you will always hear the result as AGC playback was enabled.